°ä²¼¹¦·ò£º£º£º2007-01-10 |
ÐÅÏ¢ÆðÔ´£º£º£ºÉÌÎñ²¿
ǰ ÑÔ
Ëæ×ÅÖйúÁãÊÛÒµµÄѸËÙ·¢Õ¹£¬ÐµÄÁãÊÛҵ̬²»ÐݳöÏÖ£¬2000Äê°ä²¼µÄ¹ú¶È³ß¶È¡¶ÁãÊÛҵ̬·ÖÀà¡·ÒѲ»ÄÜÂú×ã¾ÖÊÆ·¢Õ¹µÄ±ØÒª¡£
±¾³ß¶ÈÔÚÔÓг߶ȵĻù´¡ÉϽøÐÐÁ˶©Õý¡£±¾³ß¶ÈÓëGB/T8106£2000µÄÖØÒª²î¾à£º£º£ºÔö³¤ÁËÕۿ۵ꡢ¡¢¡¢ÎÞµêÆÌÏúÊÛµÈҵ̬£¬²¢¶Ô¹ºÎïÖÐÐĵÄÖÖÀà½øÐÐÁËϸ·Ö¡£±ðµÄ£¬»¹¶Ô¸÷¸öҵ̬µÄ¸ù»ùǰÌá½øÐÐÁËϸ»¯£¬²¢ÒÔ±í¸ñµÄ´ó¾ÖÌåÏÖ¡£
±¾³ß¶È×ÔÖ´ÐÐÖ®ÈÕÆð£¬°ü°ìGB/T8106£2000
±¾³ß¶ÈÓÉÖлªÈËÃñ¹²ºÍ¹úÉÌÎñ²¿Ìá³ö²¢¹é¿Ú¡£
±¾³ß¶ÈµÄ²ÝÄâµ¥Ôª£º£º£ºÖйúÁ¬Ëø¾ÓªÐ»á¡¢¡¢¡¢ÖÐÉÌóÒ×¾¼Ã×êÑÐËù¡£
±¾³ß¶ÈµÄÖØÒª²ÝÄâÈË£º£º£ºÅáÁÁ¡¢¡¢¡¢ÓÚÊ绪¡¢¡¢¡¢Àî ·É¡¢¡¢¡¢Àîµ³»á¡¢¡¢¡¢ÑîÇàËÉ
1 ÁìÓò
¡¡¡¡±¾³ß¶È»®¶¨ÁËÁãÊÛҵ̬µÄ·ÖÀà³ß¶È¼°Æä·ÖÀà×¼ÔòºÍ¸÷Ààҵ̬µÄ½á¹¹Ìص㡣
¡¡¡¡±¾³ß¶ÈºÏÓÃÓÚÔÚÖлªÈËÃñ¹²ºÍ¹ú¾³ÄÚ´ÓÊÂÁãÊÛÒµµÄÆóÒµºÍµêÆÌ¡£
2 ÊõÓïºÍ½ç˵
ÏÂÁнç˵ºÏÓÃÓÚ±¾³ß¶È¡£
2.1ÁãÊÛÒµ Retail Industry
¡¡¡¡ÒÔÏòÏû·ÑÕßÏúÊÛÉÌÆ·ÎªÖ÷£¬²¢ÌṩÓйطþÎñµÄÐÐÒµ¡£
2.2 ÁãÊÛҵ̬ Retail Formats
¡¡¡¡ÁãÊÛÆóҵΪÂú×ã·ÖÆçµÄÏû·ÑÐèÒª½øÐÐÏàÓ¦µÄÉí·Ö×éºÏ¶øÐÎ³ÉµÄ·ÖÆç¾Óª×´Ì¬¡£
3 ÁãÊÛҵ̬·ÖÀà×¼Ôò Classification of Retail Formats
ÁãÊÛҵ̬°´ÁãÊÛµêÆÌµÄ½á¹¹Ìصã·ÖÀࡣƾ¾ÝÆä¾Óª·½Ê½¡¢¡¢¡¢ÉÌÆ·½á¹¹¡¢¡¢¡¢·þÎñÖ°ÄÜ£¬ÒÔ¼°Ñ¡Ö·¡¢¡¢¡¢ÉÌȦ¡¢¡¢¡¢¹æÄ£¡¢¡¢¡¢µêÌÃÉèÊ©¡¢¡¢¡¢Ö¸±ê¹Ë¿ÍºÍÓÐÎ޹̶¨½»Ò׳¡Ëù½øÐзÖÀà¡£
4 ÁãÊÛҵ̬·ÖÀàClassification of Retail Formats
ÒÀÕÕÁãÊÛҵ̬·ÖÀà×¼Ôò·ÖΪʳÔӵꡢ¡¢¡¢·½±ãµê¡¢¡¢¡¢Õۿ۵ꡢ¡¢¡¢³¬ÊС¢¡¢¡¢´óÐͳ¬ÊС¢¡¢¡¢²Ö´¢»áÔ±µê¡¢¡¢¡¢°Ù»õµê¡¢¡¢¡¢×¨Òµµê¡¢¡¢¡¢×¨Âôµê¡¢¡¢¡¢¼Ò¾Ó½¨²ÄÉ̵ꡢ¡¢¡¢¹ºÎïÖÐÐÄ¡¢¡¢¡¢³§¼ÒÖ±ÏúÖÐÐÄ¡¢¡¢¡¢µçÊÓ¹ºÎï¡¢¡¢¡¢Óʹº¡¢¡¢¡¢ÍøÉÏÉ̵ꡢ¡¢¡¢×Ô¶¯ÊÛ»õͤ¡¢¡¢¡¢µç»°¹ºÎïµÈ17ÖÖÁãÊÛҵ̬¡£
ÁãÊÛҵ̬´Ó×ÜÌåÉÏÄܹ»·ÖΪÓеêÆÌÁãÊÛҵ̬ºÍÎÞµêÆÌÁãÊÛҵ̬Á½Àà¡£
4.1 ÓеêÆÌÁãÊÛ¡¡Store-based Retailing
ÊÇÓй̶¨µÄ½øÐÐÉÌÆ·³ÂÁкÍÏúÊÛËù±ØÒªµÄ³¡ËùºÍ¿Õ¼ä£¬²¢ÇÒÏû·ÑÕߵIJɰìÐÐÎªÖØÒªÔÚÕâÒ»³¡ËùÄÚʵÏÖµÄÁãÊÛҵ̬¡£ÓеêÆÌÁãÊÛҵ̬·ÖÀàºÍ¸ù»ùÌØµã¼û±í1¡£
4.1.1ʳÔӵꡡTraditional Grocery Store
¡¡¡¡ÊÇÒÔÏãÑÌ¡¢¡¢¡¢¾Æ¡¢¡¢¡¢ÒûÁÏ¡¢¡¢¡¢ÐÝÏÐʳƷΪÖ÷£¬¶ÀÁ¢¡¢¡¢¡¢´«Í³µÄÎÞÏÔÖøÆ·ÅÆÐÎÏóµÄÁãÊÛҵ̬¡£
4.1.2 ·½±ãµêConvenience Store
¡¡¡¡Âú×ã¹Ë¿Í·½±ãÐÔÐèÒªÎªÖØÒªÖ÷ÕŵÄÁãÊÛҵ̬¡£
4.1.3ÕÛ¿ÛµêDiscount Store
ÊǵêÆÌ×°ÐÞµ¥Ò»£¬ÌṩÓÐÏÞ·þÎñ£¬ÉÌÆ·¼ÛÖµ±ãÒ˵ÄÒ»ÖÖСÐͳ¬ÊÐҵ̬¡£Õ¼Óв»µ½2000¸öÖÖÀ࣬¾Óª¿Ï¶¨ÊýÁ¿µÄ×ÔÓÐÆ·ÅÆÉÌÆ·¡£
4.1.4 ³¬ÊÐ Supermarket
ÊÇ¿ª¼ÜÊÛ»õ£¬¼¯ÖÐÊտÂú×ãÉçÇøÏû·ÑÕßÈÕ³£ÉúÑıØÒªµÄÁãÊÛҵ̬¡£Æ¾¾ÝÉÌÆ·½á¹¹µÄ·ÖÆç£¬Äܹ»·ÖΪʳƷ³¬ÊкÍ×ۺϳ¬ÊС£
4.1.5´óÐͳ¬ÊÐHypermarket
¡¡¡¡ÏÖʵ½»Ò×Ãæ»ý6000ƽ·½Ã×ÒÔÉÏ£¬ÖÖÀàÆëÈ«£¬Âú×ã¹Ë¿ÍÒ»´ÎÐÔ¹ºÆëµÄÁãÊÛҵ̬¡£ ƾ¾ÝÉÌÆ·½á¹¹£¬Äܹ»·ÖΪÒԾӪʳƷΪÖ÷µÄ´óÐͳ¬ÊкÍÒÔ¾ÓªÈÕÓÃÆ·ÎªÖ÷µÄ´óÐͳ¬ÊС£
4.1.6²Ö´¢»áÔ±µêWarehouse Club
¡¡¡¡ÒÔ»áÔ±ÖÆÎª»ù´¡£¬³¢ÊÔ´¢ÏúÒ»Ìå¡¢¡¢¡¢ÅúÁã¼æÓª£¬ÒÔÌṩÓÐÏÞ·þÎñºÍÁ®¼ÛÖµÉÌÆ·ÎªÖØÒªÌصãµÄÁãÊÛҵ̬¡£
4.1.7°Ù»õµêDepartment Store
¡¡¡¡ÔÚÒ»¸ö¹¹ÖþÎïÄÚ£¬¾ÓªÈô¸É´óÀàÉÌÆ·£¬³¢ÊÔͳһÖÎÀí£¬·ÖÇøÏúÊÛ£¬Âú×ã¹Ë¿Í¶ÔʱÉÐÉÌÆ·¶àÑù»¯Ñ¡ÔñÐèÒªµÄÁãÊÛҵ̬¡£
4.1.8 רҵµêSpeciality Store
¡¡¡¡ÒÔרÞӪijһ´óÀàÉÌÆ·ÎªÖ÷µÄÁãÊÛҵ̬¡£
ÀýÈç°ì¹«ÓÃÆ·×¨Òµµê(Office Supply)¡¢¡¢¡¢Íæ¾ßרҵµê£¨Toy Stores£©¡¢¡¢¡¢¼Òµçרҵµê£¨Home Appliance£©¡¢¡¢¡¢Ò©Æ·×¨Òµµê£¨Drug Store£©¡¢¡¢¡¢ÒÂÊε꣨Apparel Shop£©µÈ¡£
4.1.9 רÂôµêExclusive shop
¡¡¡¡ÒÔרÞӪ»ò±»ÊÚȨ¾ÓªÄ³Ò»ÖØÒªÆ·ÅÆÉÌÆ·ÎªÖ÷µÄÁãÊÛҵ̬¡£
4.1.10¼Ò¾Ó½¨²ÄÉ̵ê Home Center
¡¡¡¡ÒÔרÃÅÏúÊÛ½¨²Ä¡¢¡¢¡¢×°è«¡¢¡¢¡¢¼Ò¾ÓÓÃÆ·ÎªÖ÷µÄÁãÊÛҵ̬¡£
4.1.11¹ºÎïÖÐÐÄShopping Center/Shopping Mall
¡¡¡¡ÊÇÖ¸¶àÖÖÁãÊÛµêÆÌ¡¢¡¢¡¢·þÎñÉèÊ©¼¯ÖÐÔÚÓÉÆóÒµÓдòËãµØ¿ª·¢¡¢¡¢¡¢ÖÎÀí¡¢¡¢¡¢ÔËÓªµÄÒ»¸ö¹¹ÖþÎïÄÚ»òÒ»¸öÇøÓòÄÚ£¬ÏòÏû·ÑÕßÌṩ×ÛºÏÐÔ·þÎñµÄóÒ×¼¯ÖÐÌå¡£
4.1.11.1ÉçÇø¹ºÎïÖÐÐÄCommunity Shopping Center
ÊÇÔÚ³ÇÊеÄÇøÓòóÒ×ÖÐÐijÉÁ¢µÄ£¬Ãæ»ýÔÚ5Íòƽ·½Ã×ÒÔÄڵĹºÎïÖÐÐÄ¡£
4.1.11.2ÊÐÇø¹ºÎïÖÐÐÄRegional Shopping Center
ÊÇÔÚ³ÇÊеÄóÒ×ÖÐÐijÉÁ¢µÄ£¬Ãæ»ýÔÚ10Íòƽ·½Ã×ÒÔÄڵĹºÎïÖÐÐÄ¡£
4.1.11.3³Ç½¼¹ºÎïÖÐÐÄ Super-regional Shopping Center
ÊÇÔÚ³ÇÊеĽ¼Çø³ÉÁ¢µÄ£¬Ãæ»ýÔÚ10Íòƽ·½Ã×ÒÔÉϵĹºÎïÖÐÐÄ¡£
4.1.12³§¼ÒÖ±ÏúÖÐÐÄFactory Outlets Center
Óɳö²úÉÌÖ±½ÓÉèÁ¢»òίÍжÀÁ¢¾ÓªÕßÉèÁ¢£¬×¨ÃžӪ±¾ÆóÒµÆ·ÅÆÉÌÆ·£¬²¢ÇÒ¶à¸öÆóÒµÆ·ÅÆµÄ½»Ò׳¡Ëù¼¯ÖÐÔÚÒ»¸öÇøÓòµÄÁãÊÛҵ̬¡£
4.2 ÎÞµêÆÌÁãÊÛ¡¡Non-store Selling
²»Í¨¹ýµêÆÌÏúÊÛ£¬Óɳ§¼Ò»òÉ̼ÒÖ±½Ó½«ÉÌÆ·µÝË͸øÏû·ÑÕßµÄÁãÊÛҵ̬¡£ÎÞµêÆÌÁãÊÛҵ̬·ÖÀàºÍ¸ù»ùÌØµã¼û±í2¡£
4.2.1µçÊÓ¹ºÎï Television Shopping
ÒÔµçÊÓ×÷ΪÏòÏû·ÑÕß½øÐÐÉÌÆ·ÍƽéչʾµÄÇþµÀ£¬²¢»ñµÃ¶©µ¥µÄÁãÊÛҵ̬¡£
4.2.2Óʹº Mail Order
¡¡¡¡ÒÔÓʼÄÉÌÆ·Ä¿Â¼ÎªÖ÷ÏòÏû·ÑÕß½øÐÐÉÌÆ·ÍƽéչʾµÄÇþµÀ£¬²¢Í¨¹ýÓʼĵķ½Ê½½«ÉÌÆ·Í¶µÝ¸øÏû·ÑÕßµÄÁãÊÛҵ̬¡£
4.2.3ÍøÉÏÉ̵ê Shop on Network
¡¡¡¡Í¨¹ý»¥ÁªÍøÂç½øÐÐÂòÂô»î¶¯µÄÁãÊÛҵ̬¡£
4.2.4×Ô¶¯ÊÛ»õͤVending Machine
ͨ¹ýÊÛ»õ»ú½øÐÐÉÌÆ·ÊÛÂô»î¶¯µÄÁãÊÛҵ̬¡£
4.2.5µç»°¹ºÎïTele-Shopping
ÖØÒªÍ¨¹ýµç»°ÊµÏÖÏúÊÛ»ò²É°ì»î¶¯µÄÒ»ÖÖÁãÊÛҵ̬¡£